| Table 1 |
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| Percentage of Children Ages 5 to 17 Reported to Have at Least
One Limitation,1 1998-2004 |
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1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
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| Total |
17.5 |
16.6 |
17.2 |
18.4 |
18.1 |
17.0 |
19.7 |
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| Gender |
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| Male |
20.4 |
20.9 |
21.0 |
22.6 |
21.6 |
20.5 |
23.6 |
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| Female |
14.5 |
12.1 |
13.3 |
14.0 |
14.5 |
13.5 |
15.6 |
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| Age group |
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| Ages 5-11 |
15.8 |
14.9 |
15.5 |
16.1 |
16.5 |
15.5 |
17.1 |
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| Ages 12-17 |
19.6 |
18.7 |
19.3 |
21.0 |
20.1 |
18.8 |
22.7 |
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| Race and Hispanic origin2 |
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| White, non-Hispanic |
18.3 |
17.5 |
18.7 |
19.7 |
19.5 |
18.2 |
21.5 |
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| Black, non-Hispanic |
18.9 |
17.5 |
16.9 |
18.5 |
19.4 |
18.0 |
20.1 |
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| Hispanic |
14.5 |
13.1 |
13.3 |
14.4 |
14.3 |
13.8 |
15.2 |
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| Non-Hispanic Other |
10.2 |
12.4 |
10.2 |
13.0 |
8.4 |
10.0 |
13.4 |
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| Poverty Status |
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| At or above poverty |
17.1 |
16.6 |
17.8 |
18.7 |
17.9 |
17.4 |
19.4 |
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| Below poverty |
23.7 |
23.7 |
21.8 |
24.8 |
27.3 |
21.7 |
24.4 |
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| Family Structure3 |
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| 2 parents with biological/adoptive child(ren) only |
- |
13.2 |
14.6 |
15.3 |
- |
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| Parent, step-parent and child(ren) only |
- |
22.2 |
20.6 |
21.2 |
- |
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| Single parent and biological or non-biological child(ren)
only |
- |
22.0 |
22.7 |
23.6 |
- |
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| Extended family, including one or more parents |
- |
16.7 |
17.3 |
20.1 |
- |
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| Parental Education3 |
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| Some high school or less |
19.1 |
18.5 |
19.3 |
19.1 |
19.9 |
17.5 |
20.3 |
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| High school graduate/
GED or equivalent recipient |
18.3 |
17.4 |
19.6 |
19.4 |
21.8 |
17.4 |
21.2 |
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| Some college, no
degree/AA degree |
19.2 |
18.3 |
18.4 |
20.2 |
19.1 |
18.9 |
21.8 |
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| Bachelor's degree or higher |
13.8 |
12.9 |
13.4 |
15.1 |
13.1 |
14.0 |
15.8 |
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| Insurance Coverage4 |
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| Private insurance |
15.1 |
14.4 |
15.0 |
16.2 |
16.1 |
14.8 |
18.1 |
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| Public insurance5 |
30.1 |
27.2 |
27.6 |
29.1 |
25.3 |
24.7 |
25.6 |
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| Not insured |
17.4 |
16.6 |
16.9 |
17.0 |
17.2 |
18.5 |
17.1 |
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| Usual source of health
care6 |
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| No usual source |
17.4 |
17.1 |
16.9 |
17.8 |
20.0 |
16.9 |
16.6 |
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| Usual source |
17.5 |
16.6 |
17.3 |
18.4 |
18.0 |
17.1 |
19.9 |
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| Welfare/TANF |
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| At
least one family member received income from welfare/TANF |
27.1 |
29.9 |
29.6 |
30.6 |
30.5 |
33.9 |
30.7 |
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| No one in family
received income from welfare/TANF |
16.7 |
15.6 |
16.5 |
17.6 |
17.5 |
16.3 |
19.3 |
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| Food Stamps |
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| At least one family
member eligible to receive food stamps |
26.6 |
26.5 |
25.5 |
31.3 |
27.1 |
27.4 |
26.4 |
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| No one in family
eligible to receive food stamps |
16.2 |
15.3 |
16.2 |
16.8 |
16.9 |
15.6 |
18.8 |
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| 1 A child is defined as having a limitation if the child
exhibits at least one of the following limitations: difficulty seeing even
when wearing glasses or contact lenses; difficulty hearing without a hearing
aid; an impairment or health problem that limits his or her ability to crawl,
walk, run or play; has been identified by a school representative or health
professional as having a learning disability; has been identified by a school
representative or health professional as having ADD/ADHD; or needs the help
of other persons with bathing or showering. This list of characteristics is
not intended to be exhaustive of all limitations that should be included in
the concept of childhood limitation, which may include a variety of chronic
health conditions, impairments, developmental delays, and functional
limitations. It is, instead, an operational definition that allows
researchers to capture the largest group of children with any sort of
limitation while using a limited set of identifying questions. For more information, see Hogan, Dennis P.
and Thomas Wells. 2002. "Developing Concise Measures of
Childhood Limitations."
Unpublished manuscript, Brown University. |
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| 2Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. |
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| 3 Family structure data for 1998 are incompatible with later
data and are therefore not included. |
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| 3 Parental education reflects the education level of the most
educated parent in the child's household. |
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| 4Children with both public and private insurance are placed
in the private insurance category. |
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| 5As defined here, public
health insurance for children consists mostly of MEDICAID or other public
assistance programs, including State plans. It does not include children with
only Medicare or the Civilian Health and Medical Care Program of the
Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS/CHAMP-VA/Tricare). |
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| 6Excludes emergency rooms as a usual source of care. |
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| Source: Original analysis by
Child Trends of National Health Interview Survey data 1998-2004. |
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