Table 1
Percentage of Parents of Children Under Age 13 Who Provided Various Forms of Warmth and Affection Every Day in the Past Month: 1997
		Fathers				Mothers
		Hugged or showed physical affection to their children	Told their child that they love him/her	Told their child that they appreciated something he or she did		Hugged or showed physical affection to their children	Told their child that they love him/her	Told their child that they appreciated something he or she did
Total		73	62	37		87	85	55
Race and Hispanic Origin1
White non-Hispanic		76	65	36		93	91	56
Black non-Hispanic		56	45	40		75	76	56
Hispanic		73	63	41		81	77	52
Other		61	40	32		78	76	53
Poverty Status
Poor (0 to 99% poverty)		67	63	44		78	80	55
Extreme poverty (at 50% or less)		58	60	47		78	80	49
Nonpoor		74	61	36		90	87	55
100% to 199% of poverty		74	60	43		88	85	58
200% to 299% of poverty		73	58	32		86	86	53
300% or more of poverty		74	64	34		93	88	55
Family Structure
Two parents		73	62	37		89	86	55
Both biological and/or adoptive		75	63	37		89	86	55
Mother only		-	-	-		81	83	56
Age of Child
0 to 2 years old		90	80	56		98	95	73
3 to 5 years old		84	69	44		93	91	66
6 to 9 years old		70	55	31		87	85	48
10 to 12 years old		50	45	17		74	72	39
Age of Child's Mother in Household
18 to 24 years old		88	82	55		94	93	70
25 to 44 years old		73	61	35		87	86	55
45 to 65 years old		57	47	27		77	65	37
Age of Child's Father in Household
18 to 24 years old		89	86	63		93	91	75
25 to 44 years old		74	61	36		89	87	55
45 to 65 years old		62	54	29		87	78	49
Educational Attainment of Child's Mother in Household
Less than high school		67	58	45		75	75	46
High school diploma or GED		71	60	33		87	87	56
Vocational/technical or some college		76	63	35		91	90	60
College graduate		75	63	37		94	88	54
Educational Attainment of Child's Father in Household
Less than high school		68	63	38		86	82	55
High school diploma or GED		70	59	37		87	85	56
Vocational/technical or some college		75	63	37		90	87	52
College graduate		77	62	34		95	90	58
Employment Status of Child's Mother in Household
Not in labor force		78	67	44		86	82	57
Looking for work		49	31	21		81	80	59
Working		71	60	32		89	88	54
Employment Status of Child's Father in Household
Not in labor force		61	46	36		81	75	52
Looking for work		60	41	36		86	77	68
Working		74	62	36		90	87	55
1Estimates for whites and blacks exclude Hispanics of those races.  Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: Reproduced from Child Trends 2002. Charting Parenthood: A Statistical Portrait of Fathers and Mothers in America. Washington, DC: Child Trends.