Table 1

Percentage of 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders Who Report Using Steroids in the Past Year, Selected Years 1989-2003

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Eighth

1.0

1.1

0.9

1.2

1.0

0.9

1.0

1.2

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

Gender

Male

1.8

1.7

1.4

1.8

1.3

1.1

1.3

1.6

2.5

2.2

2.3

1.8

Female

0.3

0.5

0.3

0.6

0.8

0.7

0.9

1.0

1.2

1.1

Race¹

White

1.1

1.0

1.1

0.9

1.1

1.5

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

Black

0.7

0.6

0.8

0.9

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.8

1.2

Hispanic

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.8

1.5

1.7

Parental Education²

Less than high school

1.8

1.2

1.6

1.3

0.9

1.4

1.7

2.2

2.5

2.0

1.8

1.3

Completed high school

1.1

1.2

0.8

1.6

1.3

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.9

2.1

1.6

1.7

1.9

Some college

1.0

1.1

1.3

0.8

0.9

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.3

1.9

1.6

Completed college

0.7

0.9

0.8

1.2

0.9

1.1

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.0

1.3

Graduate school

1.0

1.3

0.6

0.9

1.5

0.9

1.2

1.1

2.0

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.0

College Plans

None or under 4 years

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.5

2.2

1.5

2.4

2.8

4.0

3.6

3.1

3.6

2.7

Complete four years

0.8

0.9

0.7

1.0

0.9

0.8

1.0

1.4

1.5

1.3

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Tenth

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.7

2.2

2.1

2.2

1.7

Gender

Male

1.9

1.7

1.9

2.0

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.8

3.6

3.3

3.2

2.3

Female

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.1

Race¹

White

1.0

1.2

1.3

1.5

2.1

2.3

2.4

2.3

Black

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.5

0.7

1.2

1.6

1.2

0.8

Hispanic

1.2

1.4

1.3

0.9

1.1

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.1

1.8

Parental Education²

Less than high school

0.7

0.9

1.5

1.8

1.2

1.7

1.3

1.2

2.3

1.6

1.9

Completed high school

1.3

1.1

1.0

0.9

1.1

0.7

1.1

1.7

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

Some college

1.0

1.2

1.1

0.8

1.6

1.2

1.4

1.7

2.0

2.3

2.8

1.9

Completed college

0.9

1.0

0.8

1.4

1.1

1.2

1.0

0.9

1.5

2.4

2.0

1.6

Graduate school

1.2

1.4

1.1

1.0

1.1

2.4

2.2

2.1

3.0

1.3

College Plans

None or under 4 years

1.7

1.3

1.9

2.1

2.4

1.9

2.6

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.7

Complete four years

0.9

1.0

0.8

0.9

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.6

1.9

2.1

1.5

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Twelfth

1.9

1.7

1.4

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.7

1.8

1.7

2.4

2.5

2.1

Gender

Male

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.1

2.5

2.1

2.4

2.2

2.5

2.8

3.1

2.5

3.8

3.2

Female

0.9

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.1

Race¹

White

1.6

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.5

1.7

1.8

2.1

2.5

2.4

Black

1.8

1.2

0.5

1.1

1.8

1.2

1.4

1.5

0.9

0.7

1.0

1.2

1.0

1.1

Hispanic

2.3

3.3

1.8

0.9

1.7

1.3

0.6

1.6

2.4

2.9

2.4

2.1

2.2

1.8

Parental Education²

Less than high school

0.6

1.1

2.0

2.1

1.1

2.8

1.1

1.5

3.4

3.0

1.5

1.3

2.1

3.6

2.9

Completed high school

2.1

2.0

0.6

0.9

1.3

1.7

1.3

1.9

1.4

0.8

1.6

3.2

3.0

1.3

Some college

2.6

2.3

1.6

1.3

1.5

1.1

1.3

1.1

2.5

1.9

2.8

2.7

Completed college

1.3

1.1

1.6

0.9

1.3

0.6

2.0

1.1

1.2

1.9

2.2

1.4

1.9

2.3

Graduate school

2.1

1.0

0.5

0.8

1.2

1.4

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.1

2.4

2.2

1.0

1.4

College Plans

None or under 4 years

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.3

2.1

3.6

2.0

4.6

4.1

2.6

Complete four years

1.6

1.3

1.2

0.8

0.9

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.4

1.3

1.6

1.8

2.0

¹Race estimates are based on two year averages of the year specified and the previous year in order to increase sample size and provide more stable estimates.

²Parental education is calculated by the Institute of Social Research as the average of the mother's and father's education. Child Trends has relabeled these results to reflect the education level of the most educated parent. In those circumstances where the gap between mothers' and fathers' education is more than one level, this results in an underestimate of the most educated parent's education level.

Source: Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2003. Volume 1: Secondary school students: (NIH Publication No. 04-5507). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Tables D-73 and D-74. Online. Available at http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol1_2003.pdf